All Research

2023

• Agrawal, Ajay., Joshua S. Gans, Avi Goldfarb. 2023. Do we want less automation? Science. 381: 155 - 158.

• Bova, Francesco, Avi Goldfarb, Roger Melko. 2023. The Business Case for Quantum Computing. MIT Sloan Management Review 64(3): 31-37.

• Ding, MengQi (Annie) and Avi Goldfarb. 2023. The Economics of Artificial Intelligence: A Marketing Perspective. Artificial Intelligence in Marketing. 20(1): 13-76.

• Agrawal, Ajay K., Joshua S. Gans, Avi Goldfarb. 2023. Similarities and Differences in the Adoption of General Purpose Technologies. National Bureau of Economic Research. Working Paper Version.

• Goldfarb, Avi and Verina F. Que. 2023. The Economics of Digital Privacy. Annual Review of Economics.

• Agrawal, Ajay, Joshua S. Gans, Avi Goldfarb. 2023. Artificial Intelligence Adoption and System-Wide Change. Journal of Economics & Management Strategy.

• Goldfarb, Avi, Bledi Taska, and Florenta Teodoridis. 2023. Could Machine Learning Be a General Purpose Technology? Evidence from Online Job Postings. Research Policy 52(1): 104653.

• Miklós-Thal, Jeanine, Avi Goldfarb, Avery M. Haviv, and Catherine Tucker. 2023 Digital Hermits. National Bureau of Economic Research. Working Paper Version.

2022

• Bova, Francesco, Avi Goldfarb and Roger G. Melko. 2022. Quantum Economic Advantage. Management Science 69(2): 1116-1126.

• Goldfarb, Avi and Catherine Tucker. 2022. Introduction to “The Economics of Privacy.” National Bureau of Economic Research.

• Agrawal, Ajay, Joshua Gans, Avi Goldfarb, and Catherine Tucker. 2022. Introduction to “The Economics of Artificial Intelligence: Health Care Challenges.” National Bureau of Economic Research.

• Agrawal, Ajay K., Joshua S. Gans, Avi Goldfarb. 2022. Prediction Machines, Insurance, and Protection: An Alternative Perspective on AI’s Role in Production. National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Version.

• Gans, Joshua S., Avi Goldfarb, Laura Rosella. 2022. Rapid Antigen Tests for SARS-CoV-2 - Reply. American Medical Association 327(19): 1926.

• Stern, Ariel Dora, Avi Goldfarb, Timo Minssen, W. Nicholson Price. 2022. AI Insurance: How Liability Insurance Can Drive the Responsible Adoption of Artificial Intelligence in Health Care. NEJM Catalyst Innovations in Care Delivery, 3(4).

• Forman, Chris, and Avi Goldfarb. 2022. Concentration and Agglomeration of IT Innovation and Entrepreneurship. In The Role of Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Economic Growth, 95-122.

• Evans Cameron, Hilary, Avi Goldfarb, and Leah Morris. 2022. Artificial intelligence for a reduction of false denials in refugee claims. Journal of Refugee Studies, 35(1): 493-510.

• Goldfarb, Avi, and Jon R. Lindsay. 2022. Prediction and Judgment: Why Artificial Intelligence Increases the Importance of Humans in War. International Security, 46(3): 7-50.

• Agrawal, Ajay, Joshua Gans, Avi Goldfarb. 2022. From Prediction to Transformation. Harvard Business Review November-December.

• Rosella, Laura, Ajay Agrawal, Joshua Gans, Avi Goldfarb, Sonia Sennik, Janice Stein. 2022. Large-scale implementation of rapid antigen testing system for COVID-19 in workplaces. Science Advances 8(8).

• Goldfarb A, Tucker C, Wang Y. 2022. EXPRESS: Conducting Research in Marketing with Quasi-Experiments. Journal of Marketing.

• Gans, Joshua, Avi Goldfarb, Ajay Agrawal, Sonia Sennik, Janice Stein, and Laura Rosella. 2022. False-Positive Results in Rapid Antigen Tests for SARS-CoV-2. Journal of the American Medical Association, 327(5): 485-486.
  Comment and Response

2021

• Forman, Chris, Avi Goldfarb, Shane Greenstein. 2021. Geographic Inequality and the Internet. In the Handbook of Digital Inequality.

• Sun, Minjee, Avi Goldfarb, and Mengze Shi. 2021. Data-Driven Decision-Making in Sales: Can Marketing Analytics Enhance Sales Performance?
  Working Paper Version

• Gans, Joshua, Avi Goldfarb and Mara Lederman. 2021. Exits, Tweets, and Loyalty. American Economic Journal: Microeconomics 13(2), 68-112.

• Bova, Francesco, Avi Goldfarb, and Roger Melko. 2021. Commercial Applications of Quantum Computing. EPJ Quantum Technology 8(2).

• Berlin, Alejandro, Mike Lovas, Tran Truong, Sheena Melwani, Justin Liu, Zhihui Amy Liu, Adam Badzynski, Mary Beth Carpenter, Carl Virtanen, Lyndon Morley, Onil Bhattacharyya, Marnie Escaf, Lesley Moody, Avi Goldfarb, Luke Brzozowski, Joseph Cafazzo, Melvin L.K. Chua, A. Keith Stewart, and Monika K. Krzyzanowska. 2021. Implementation and Outcomes of Virtual Care Across a Tertiary Cancer Center During COVID-19. JAMA Oncology. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2020.6982.

2020

• Goldfarb, Avi and Jon Lindsay. 2020. Artificial intelligence in war: Human judgement as an organizational strength and a strategic liability. Foreign Policy at Brookings.

• Hagen, L., Uetake, K., Yang, N., Bollinger B, Chaney A, Etkin J., Dzyabura D, Goldfarb A, Liu L, Sudhir K, Wang Y, Wright J, Zhu Y. 2020. How can machine learning aid behavioral marketing research?. Marketing Letters 31, 361–370.

• Goldfarb, Avi, Sampsa Samila, and Brian Silverman. 2020. COVID, On-premise retail format, and product-market concentration. Covid Economics, 32: 127-147.

• Goldfarb, Avi and Catherine Tucker. 2020. Which Retail Outlets Generate the Most Physical Interactions? National Bureau of Economic Research.

• Goldfarb, Avi, Ginger Jin, and K. Sudhir. 2020. Introduction to the Special Issue on Consumer Protection. Marketing Science, 39 (1): 1-4.

• Agrawal, Ajay, Joshua Gans, and Avi Goldfarb. 2020. How to Win with Machine Learning. Harvard Business Review September-October.

• Bleier, Alexander, Avi Goldfarb, and Catherine Tucker. 2020. Consumer privacy and the future of data-based innovation and marketing. International Journal of Marketing Research, 37 (3): 466-480.

• Agrawal, Ajay, Joshua Gans, Avi Goldfarb, and Mara Lederman. 2020. The CEO’s guide to safely reopening the workplace. MIT Technology Review Online.

2019

• Agrawal, Ajay, Joshua Gans, and Avi Goldfarb. 2019. An Economic Perspective on Artificial Intelligence. NATO Defense College: 7-15.

• Goldfarb, Avi, and Catherine Tucker. 2019. Digital Economics Journal of Economic Literature, 57 (1): 3-43. 

• Goldfarb, Avi, and Catherine Tucker. 2019. Digital Marketing Handbook of the Economics of Marketing Eds Jean-Pierre Dube and Peter E Rossi, 259-290.

• Goldfarb, Avi, and Mo Xiao. 2019. Transitory Shocks, Limited Attention, and a Firm’s Decision to Exit

• Shaw Jay, Frank Rudzicz, Trevor Jamieson, and Avi Goldfarb. 2019. Artificial Intelligence and the Implementation Challenge. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 21 (7): e13659 DOI: 10.2196/13659

• Jamieson, Trevor, and Avi Goldfarb. 2019. Clinical Considerations When Applying Machine Learning to Decision-Support Tasks vs. Automation. BMJ Quality and Safety, DOI: 10.1136/bmjqs-2019-009514.

• Agrawal, Ajay, Joshua Gans, and Avi Goldfarb. 2019. Exploring the Impact of Artificial Intelligence: Prediction versus Judgement. Information Economics and Policy, 47: 1-6.

• Agrawal, Ajay, Joshua Gans, and Avi Goldfarb. 2019. Artificial Intelligence: The Ambiguous Labor Market Impact of Automating Prediction. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 33 (2): 31-50.

• Agrawal, Ajay, Joshua Gans, and Avi Goldfarb. 2019. "Economic Policy for Artificial Intelligence," Innovation Policy and the Economy Volume 19, Josh Lerner and Scott Stern editors.

• Agrawal, Ajaym Joshua Gans, and Avi Goldfarb. 2019. Prediction, Judgement, and Complexity: A Theory of Decision-Making and Artificial Intelligence. In the Economics of Artificial Intelligence: An Agenda. Eds, Agrawal, Gans, and Goldfarb. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Il.

• Goldfarb, Avi, and Dan Trefler. 2019. AI and International Trade. In the Economics of Artificial Intelligence: An Agenda. Eds, Agrawal, Gans, and Goldfarb. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Il.

2018

• Goldfarb, Avi. 2018. Regulation and Online Advertising Markets. In Handbook of Marketing Analytics. Eds. Dominique Hanssesns and Natalie Mizik. Edward Eglar Publishing, 511-518.

• Agrawal, Ajay, Christian Catalini, Avi Goldfarb, and Hong Luo. 2018. Slack Time and Innovation. Organization Science. 

• Agrawal, Ajay, Joshua Gans, and Avi Goldfarb. 2018. "Human Judgment and AI Pricing," AEA Papers and Proceedings, 108: 58-63.

• Forman, Chris, Avi Goldfarb, and Shane Greenstein. 2018. How Geography Shapes-and is Shaped by-the Internet in The New Oxford Handbook of Economic Geography. Second Edition. Eds. Gordon L. Clark, Maryann P. Feldman, Meric S. Gertler, and Dariusz Wojcik. Oxford University Press.

2017

• Wang, Kitty and Avi Goldfarb. 2017. Can offline stores drive online sales? Journal of Marketing Research, 54 (5): 706-719. 

• Borkovsky, Ron, Avi Goldfarb, Avery Haviv, and Sridhar Moorthy. 2017. Measuring and Understanding Brand Value in a Dynamic Model of Brand Management. Marketing Science, 36 (4): 471-499 (John D.C. Little Award Finalist).

• Agrawal, Ajay, Joshua Gans, and Avi Goldfarb. 2017. What to Expect from Artificial Intelligence. Sloan Management Review, 58 (3): 23-26.

• Goldfarb, Avi, and Catherine Tucker. 2017. Inequality, Privacy and Digital Market Design. Chapter in Fair by Design. Eds. Scott Kominers and Alex Teytelboym, Oxford University Press.

  Working Paper Version

2016

• Agrawal, Ajay, Avi Goldfarb, and Florenta Teodoridis. 2016. Understanding the Changing Structure of Scientific Inquiry. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 8(1): 100-128.

• Agrawal, Ajay, Christian Catalini, and Avi Goldfarb. 2016. Are syndicates the killer app of equity crowdfunding? California Management Review, 58 (2): 111-124. 
  Working Paper Version

• Goldfarb, Avi, Jun Bum Kwon, and Trevor Snider. 2016. Detecting Potential Product Segments Using Topological Data Analysis. University of Toronto.
  Working Paper Version

• Forman, Chris, Avi Goldfarb, and Shane Greenstein. 2016. Agglomeration of Invention in the Bay Area: Not just ICT. American Economic Review Papers and Proceedings, 106 (5). 

2015

• Campbell, James, Avi Goldfarb, and Catherine Tucker. 2015. Privacy Regulation and Market Structure. Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, 24 (1): 47-73. 

• Yang, Yupin, and Avi Goldfarb. 2015 Banning controversial sponsors: Understanding Equilibrium Outcomes When Sports Sponsorships are Viewed as Two-Sided Matches Journal of Marketing Research, 52 (5): 593-615.

• Agrawal, Ajay, Christian Catalini, and Avi Goldfarb. 2015. Crowdfunding: Geography, Social Networks, and the Timing of Investment Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, 24 (2): 253-274. 

• Goldfarb, Avi, Ryan C. McDevitt, Sampsa Samila, and Brian Silverman. 2015. The Effect of Social Interaction on Economic Transactions Management Science, 61 (12): 2963-2981.

• Goldfarb, Avi and Catherine Tucker. 2015. Standardization of the Effectiveness of  Online Advertising. Management Science, 61 (11): 2707-2719.

2014

• Goldfarb, Avi. 2014. What is different about online advertising? Review of Industrial Organization, 44 (2): 115-129. 

• Lambrecht, Anja, Avi Goldfarb, Alessandro Bonatti, Anindya Ghose, Daniel G. Goldstein, Randall Lewis, Anita Rao, Navdeep Sahni, and Song Yao. 2014. How Do Firms Make Money Selling Digital Goods Online? Marketing Letters, 25(3): 331-341.

• Goldfarb, Avi, and Victor Tremblay. 2014. Introduction: The Economics of Internet Advertising. Review of Industrial Organization, 44(2), 113-114

• Forman, Chris, Avi Goldfarb, and Shane Greenstein. 2014. Information Technology and the Distribution of Inventive Activity. The Changing Frontier: Rethinking Science and Innovation Policy, University of Chicago Press, 169-196.

• Dranove, David, Chris Forman, Avi Goldfarb, and Shane Greenstein. 2014. The Trillion Dollar Conundrum: Complementarities and Health Information Technology American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 6 (4): 239-270. 

• Agrawal, Ajay, Christian Catalini, and Avi Goldfarb. 2014. Some Simple Economics of Crowdfunding. in Innovation Policy and the Economy Volume 14. Eds. Josh Lerner and Scott Stern. NBER, University of Chicago Press, 63-97. 

2013

• Agrawal, Ajay, Avi Goldfarb, and Florenta Teodoridis. 2013. Does Knowledge Accumulation Increase the Returns to Collaboration? American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 8 (1): 100-128. 

• Goldfarb, Avi and Catherine Tucker. 2013. Why Managing Consumer Privacy Can Be an Opportunity. Sloan Management Review, 54 (3): 10-12.

• Ghose, Anindya, Avi Goldfarb, and Sang Pil Han. 2013. How is the Mobile Internet Different? Search costs and local activities. Information Systems Research, 24 (3): 613-631. 

• Gordon, Brett, Avi Goldfarb, and Yang Li. 2013. Does price elasticity vary with economic growth? A cross-category analysis. Journal of Marketing Research, 50 (1): 4-23. 

  Working Paper Version Elasticities by category-quarter and code 

• Forman, Chris Avi Goldfarb, and Shane Greenstein. 2013. Technology Adoption. The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Strategic Management. Eds. David Teece, and Mie Augier. Palgrave McMillan.

2012

• Goldfarb, Avi, Teck-Hua Ho, Wilfred Amaldoss, Alexander Brown, Yan Chen, Tony Haitao Cui, Alberto Galasso, Tanjim Hossain, Min Hsu, Noah Lim, Mo Xiao, and Botao Yang. 2012. Behavioral Models of Managerial Decision-Making. Marketing Letters, 23 (2): 405-421. 2010 Choice Symposium Paper.

• Goldfarb, Avi and Catherine Tucker. 2012. Shifts in Privacy Concerns. American Economic Review Papers and Proceedings, 102 (3): 349-353

• Goldfarb, Avi and Catherine Tucker. 2012. Privacy and Innovation. in Innovation Policy and the Economy Volume 12. Eds. Josh Lerner and Scott Stern. NBER, University of Chicago Press, 65-89.

• Forman, Chris, Avi Goldfarb, Shane Greenstein. 2012. The Internet Is Everywhere, But the Payoff Is Not. Communications of the ACM, 55 (8): 34-35.

• Goldfarb, Avi. 2012. What Makes the Internet Different? In Flux: What Marketing Managers Needs to Navigate the New Environment. Eds. David Soberman and Dilip Soman. University of Toronto Press. Toronto, 70-83.

• Goldfarb, Avi. 2012. The Internet and the Offline World. The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd Edition. Eds. Steven Durlauf and Lawrence Blume, Palgrave Macmillan. 

• Forman, Chris, Avi Goldfarb, and Shane Greenstein. 2012. The Internet and Local Wages: A Puzzle. American Economic Review , 102 (1): 556-575.

2011

• Goldfarb, Avi, and Catherine Tucker. December 2011. Substitution Between Offline and Online Advertising Markets. Journal of Competition Law and Economics, 7 (1): 37-44.

• Goldfarb, Avi and Catherine Tucker. 2011. Privacy Regulation and Online Advertising. Management Science, 57 (1): 57-71. 

• Goldfarb, Avi and Catherine Tucker. 2011. Online Advertising in Advances in Computers volume 81. Ed. Marvin Zelkowitz. Elsevier. 

• Goldfarb, Avi and Catherine Tucker. 2011. Online Display Advertising: Targeting and Obtrusiveness. Marketing Science, 30 (3): 389-404. Lead article and discussion paper; John D.C. Little Award Finalist. 

  Rejoinder 

• Goldfarb, Avi, and Cathrine Tucker. 2011. Economics and Business Dimensions: Online Advertising, Behavioural Targeting, and Privacy. Communications of the ACM, 54 (5): 25-27.

• Goldfarb, Avi and Catherine Tucker. 2011 Advertising Bans and the Substitutability of Online and Offline Advertising. Journal of Marketing Research, 48 (2): 207-228.
  Working Paper Version

• Goldfarb, Avi, and Catherine Tucker. 2011. Search Engine Advertising: Channel Substitution when Pricing Ads to Context. Management Science, 57 (3): 458-470.

  Online Appendix

• Goldfarb, Avi, and Mo Xiao. 2011. Who Thinks About the Competition? Managerial Ability and Strategic Entry in US Local Telephone Markets. American Economic Review, 101 (7): 3130-3161.

2009

• Goldfarb, Avi, Qiang Lu, and Sridhar Moorthy. 2009. Measuring Brand Value in an Equilibrium Framework. Marketing Science, 28 (1): 69-86. 

• Goldfarb, Avi, and Botao Yang. 2009. Are All Managers Created Equal? Journal of Marketing Research, 46 (5): 612-622. 
  Working Paper Version

• Yang, Yupin, Mengze Shi, and Avi Goldfarb. 2009. Estimating the Value of Brand Alliances in Professional Team Sports. Marketing Science, 28 (6): 1095-1111. 

• Forman, Chris, Anindya Ghose, and Avi Goldfarb. 2009. Competition between Local and Electronic Markets: How the benefit of buying online depends on where you live. Management Science, 54 (1): 47-57. 

2008

• Agrawal, Ajay, and Avi Goldfarb. 2008. Restructuring Research: Communication Costs and the Democratization of University Innovation. American Economic Review, 98 (4): 1578-1590.

• Forman, Chris, Avi Goldfarb, and Shane Greenstein. 2008. Understanding the Inputs into Innovation: Do Cities Substitute for Internal Firm Resources? Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, 17 (2). 

• Forman, Chris, and Avi Goldfarb. 2008. How Has Electronic Commerce Research Advanced Our Understanding of the Offline World? Statistical Methods in eCommerce Research. Eds. Wolfgang Jank and Galit Shmueli. Wiley and Sons, chapter 2.

• Goldfarb, Avi, and Cathrine Tucker. 2008. Economics and Business Dimensions: Search Engine Advertising. Communications of the ACM, 51 (11): 22-24.

• Goldfarb, Avi. 2008. Electronic Commerce. The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd Edition. Eds. Steven Durlauf and Lawrence Blume, Palgrave Macmillan, 1706-1709.

• Goldfarb, Avi, and Jeffrey Prince. 2008. Internet Adoption and Usage Patterns are Different: Implications for the Digital Divide. Information Economics and Policy, 20 (1): 2-15. 

2006

• Goldfarb, Avi. 2006. State Dependence at Internet Portals. Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, 15 (2): 317-352.

• Goldfarb, Avi. 2006. The Medium-Term Effects of Unavailability. Quantitative Marketing and Economics, 4 (2): 143-171. 
  Working Paper Version

• Goldfarb, Avi. 2006. The (Teaching) Role of Universities in the Diffusion of the Internet. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 24 (2): 203-225. 

• Goldfarb, Avi, and Qiang Lu. 2006. Household-Specific Regressions Using Clickstream Data. Statistical Science, 21 (2): 247-255. 
  Working Paper Version

• Blum, Bernardo, and Avi Goldfarb. 2006. Does the internet defy the law of gravity? Journal of International Economics, 70 (2): 384-405.

• Forman, Chris, and Avi Goldfarb. 2006. Diffusion of Information and Communication Technologies to Businesses. Handbooks in Information Systems, Vol. 1: Economics and Information Systems, Ed. Terrence Hendershott.

2005

• Forman, Chris, Avi Goldfarb, and Shane Greenstein. 2005. How Did Location Affect Adoption of the Commercial Internet: Global Village vs. Urban Leadership. Journal of Urban Economics, 58 (3): 389-420. 
  Working Paper Version

• Forman, Chris, Avi Goldfarb, and Shane Greenstein. 2005. Geographic Location and the Diffusion of Internet Technology. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 4 (1). 
  Working Paper Version

• Forman, Chris, Avi Goldfarb, and Shane Greenstein. 2005. How do Industry Features Influence the Role of Location on Internet Adoption? Journal of the Association of Information Systems, 6 (12): 383-406. 
  Working Paper Version

2004

• Goldfarb, Avi. 2004. Bridging the Global Digital Divide. Journal of Economic Geography 4(5): 602-603.

• Goldfarb, Avi. 2004. Concentration in Advertising-Supported Online Markets: An Empirical Approach. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 13 (6). 

2003

• Forman, Chris, Avi Goldfarb, Shane Greenstein. 2003. Which Industries Use the Internet? Organizing the New Industrial Economy (Advances in Applied Microeconomics, Vol. 12), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Bingley: 47-72.

• Forman, Chris, Avi Goldfarb, and Shane Greenstein. 2003. The Geographic Dispersion of Commercial Internet Use. In Rethinking Rights and Regulations: Institutional Responses to New Communication Technologies. Eds. Lorrie Faith Cranor and Steven S. Wildman. MIT Press. 113-145. 

2002

• Goldfarb, Avi. 2002. Analyzing Website Choice Using Clickstream Data. Advances in Applied Microeconomics v. 11: The Economics of the Internet and E-commerce. Ed. Michael Baye, Elsevier Science Ltd. 209-230. 
  Working Paper Version

• Forman, Chris, Avi Goldfarb, and Shane Greenstein. 2002. Digital Dispersion: An Industrial and Geographic Census of Commercial Internet Use. National Bureau of Economic Research.
  Working Paper Version

Testimony

• U.S. Senate Committee of the Judiciary. Understanding the Digital Advertising Ecosystem and the Impact of Data Privacy and Competition Policy. May 21, 2019.

Books

Agrawal, Ajay, Joshua Gans, and Avi Goldfarb. 2018. Prediction Machines: The Simple Economics of Artificial Intelligence. Harvard Business Review Press. Cambridge, MA.

Agrawal, Ajay, Joshua Gans, and Avi Goldfarb, Eds. 2019. The Economics of Artificial Intelligence: An Agenda. University of Chicago Press, Chicago IL.

• Introduction

• AI and International Trade

• Prediction, Judgment and Complexity

Agrawal, Ajay, Joshua Gans, and Avi Goldfarb. 2022. Power and Prediction: The Disruptive Ecenomics of Artificial Intelligence. Harvard Business Review Press. Cambridge, MA.

Agrawal, Ajay, Joshua Gans, and Avi Goldfarb, Eds. 2019. Economic Analysis of the Digital Economy. University of Chicago Press, Chicago IL.